资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
多省公布去年常住人口数据,这些地区为何增长?******
中新网北京2月4日电(韦香惠)继国家统计局公布2022年全国人口数据之后,近日多个省份陆续公布了当地2022年常住人口数据。其中,在我国人口总量2022年略有下降的情况下,据不完全统计,有六个省份的人口总量实现了增长。
这些省级行政区人口总量实现增长
根据国家统计局消息,2022年末我国人口比上年末减少85万人。地方层面,各省份人口变动情况不一,其中已有6个省级行政区宣布实现人口正增长,分别是贵州,青海、江西、甘肃、重庆和广西壮族自治区。
根据贵州省统计局网站公布的《贵州省2022年经济运行情况》,2022年贵州人口总量有所增加,常住人口城镇化率持续提高。2022年末,全省常住人口3856万人,比上年末增加4万人。其中,城镇常住人口2114万人,占年末常住人口的比重为54.81%,比上年末提高0.48个百分点。
图为航拍青海省西宁市一隅。(资料图) 马铭言 摄此前,江西、甘肃、广西、重庆、青海等省份也已公布了2022年常住人口数据。
其中,2022年末江西全省常住人口4527.98万人,比上年末增加10.58万人;2022年末甘肃全省常住人口2492万人,比上年末增加2万人;2022年末广西常住人口5047万人,比上年末增加10万人;2022年末重庆常住人口3213.3万人,比上年末增加0.9万人;2022年末青海省常住人口595万人,比上年末增加1万人。
省际间的人口流入对增长起重要拉动作用
中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心研究员、人口学系主任杨凡向中新网介绍,在人口学概念中,引起人口总量变动有三个因素,出生、死亡和迁移。其中,自然增长就是指由出生超过死亡而造成的,机械增长是指由于迁移造成的增长。
从这几个实现人口总量增长的省份来看,贵州的人口自然增长率为3.71‰,青海的人口自然增长率为3.37‰ ,江西的人口自然增长率也仅为0.25‰,广西壮族自治区人口自然增长率1.43‰。而甘肃、重庆的人口自然增长率分别为-0.04‰和-2.11‰,均为负数。
“这些省份有的自然增长率非常低,有的自然增长率是负的,也就是人口净流入(外来人口流入减去流出的人口)是正的,从而使这个地区的人口总量呈现出一个正增长趋势。”杨凡表示,这意味着是省际间的人口流入对当地常住人口增长起到了重要拉动作用。
她表示,总体来看,全国仍处于负增长状态,而这些地区也几乎是在零增长的区间。因此,她认为,“这些地方的正增长暂时谈不上逆势”。
图为旅客在九江站有序上车。 高晋 摄疫情防控政策优化后的人口增长有待观察
从地区分布来看,这些实现人口增长的省份均位于中西部地区。对此,广东省体改研究会执行会长彭澎接受媒体采访时解释称,一方面,去年沿海的长三角、珠三角受疫情影响,有部分人返回老家。此外,随着中西部中心城市崛起,也有一部分人在沿海闯荡积累了经验,返回老家创业。
以江西省为例,按照该地区去年人口自然增长率为0.25‰来计算,该地区人口自然增长约1.13万人。这意味着,去年江西在人口机械增长方面,新增流入人口9.45万人。
江西省社会科学院经济所所长麻智辉曾在接受媒体报道时分析称,近年来,江西经济增速比较快,增速位居全国前列,一个重要原因就是江西加大了承接东部产业转移的力度。江西这几年战略新兴产业发展的速度较快,在GDP中的占比明显提升。同时,随着经济快速发展,叠加近几年疫情影响,有不少外出人口回流到家乡创业或就近务工。
杨凡也表示,人口流动很大的一部分原因是经济,随着疫情防控政策优化,这部分人可能还会回到就业机会较多、收入水平较高、经济发展水平较高的地方。(完)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |