资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
对美元中间价升至半年以来新高 经济企稳支撑人民币汇率走强******
对美元中间价升至半年以来新高——
经济企稳支撑人民币汇率走强
本报记者 姚 进
在内外部因素共同作用下,近期,人民币汇率持续走强。
Wind数据显示,截至2月2日16时30分,在岸人民币对美元汇率最高触及6.7007元,离岸人民币对美元汇率最高报6.7057元。2月2日,人民币对美元汇率中间价升至2022年8月以来新高。今年以来,人民币对美元汇率中间价累计调升2516个基点。
“2月2日,人民币对美元汇率大幅拉升主要是因为美联储明确将放缓货币紧缩,加息周期临近尾声,短期影响人民币汇率的最大不确定性因素落地,市场情绪和预期再度得到修复和强化,推动人民币汇率上行。”中国银行研究院高级研究员王有鑫表示。
美国联邦储备委员会2月1日在结束货币政策会议后,宣布加息25个基点。由于美联储此次加息为2022年3月以来加息幅度最小的一次,市场普遍认为美联储本轮加息周期已渐近尾声,全球风险资产有望迎来反弹,非美元货币的贬值压力有望大幅缓解。
我国经济企稳则是近期人民币汇率走强的内部原因。中金公司外汇专家李刘阳认为,1月以来,中国经济持续恢复向好,北向资金加速流入,人民币出现升值趋势。“在中国经济快速恢复的背景下,证券资金流入、结汇需求增强、美元走弱主导了1月人民币汇率的强势行情。”李刘阳说。
自美联储去年3月份启动本轮加息周期以来,人民币汇率最低跌至7.3下方,但中国外汇市场运行总体经受住了考验,人民币汇率在全球主要货币中表现相对稳健,跨境资金流动更趋均衡,彰显出强劲的市场韧性。
中银证券全球首席经济学家管涛认为,人民币汇率灵活度提高带来的好处也进一步显现:没有影响国内金融和物价稳定,增强了国内货币政策自主性;“减震器”作用正常发挥,减轻了对行政干预手段的依赖。“这有助于提振境内外投资者对中国经济和货币的信心。”管涛说。
展望今年人民币汇率走势,专家和研究机构认为,从中长期来看,人民币涨跌取决于中国经济基本面。近期,随着经济基本面企稳,人民币汇率也将得到有效支撑。未来,在外部压力趋缓、国内经济向好的背景下,人民币汇率将呈现双向波动、温和回升,并逐步回归合理均衡水平。同时,外资看好中国经济前景,人民币资产吸引力提升。
一方面,美联储加息进程转入下半场,叠加市场对美国经济前景担忧,美元指数上行动能趋弱,人民币汇率下行压力减小。李刘阳认为,美国通胀放缓带动美联储加息预期回落,中国与欧洲经济企稳预期带动风险偏好走强令美元承压,即使短期美元指数可能会因为风险偏好变化有所反弹,但基本面的变化让美元指数重回新高的可能性进一步降低。
另一方面,最新公布的先行指标传递出国内经济回升向好的积极信号,为人民币汇率在合理均衡水平运行提供良好环境和支撑。“经济稳金融稳,经济强货币强。”管涛说,随着中国经济加速复苏,国内外普遍看好中国经济前景,人民币资产投资价值受关注,2023年人民币汇率走势有望实现逆转。
“短期来看,海外通胀、地缘冲突等不确定因素对外汇市场或继续构成扰动。但整体看,人民币面临的内外部环境相对有利,预计双向波动更加常态化。”光大银行金融市场部宏观研究员周茂华表示,国内经济稳步复苏,市场风险偏好回暖带动资金趋势流入,外贸保持韧性,国际收支基本平衡,加之人民币弹性显著增强,将在国际收支中发挥稳定器的作用。
“中国经济走向复苏的迹象十分明显,随着修复动能不断强化,中美经济基本面或再度扭转,人民币汇率或存在进一步升值空间。对于中国央行而言,汇率压力缓解意味着政策空间打开,国内经济有望在政策支持下进一步企稳回升。”信达证券分析认为。
管涛提示,当前,内外部不确定不稳定因素依然较多,人民币汇率有涨有跌、双向波动加大,市场主体不宜单边押注汇率涨跌,而需要强化风险中性意识,加强货币错配和汇率敞口管理。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)